Pilgrims!

**What is the difference between Puritans and Pilgrims in relation to the Church of England? (hint: King Henry VIII)** Pilgrims wanted to separate themselves from the Church of England and those who were not believers. They believed they were elected by God for salvation and only wanted to worship with other "saints", also saved by God. Puritans were the followers of the the teachings of Calvin and believed that man was born in sin and they all bore the guilt of Adam and Eve. The would have to prove they were worthy while on Earth if they wanted to be saved. To be worthy meant prospering, being faithful, and leading a successful life. They didn't want to separate from the Church of England, but they wanted to "purify" the Church of the influence of the Catholic Church within the Anglican Church.

**Why did the Pilgrims end up going to the Netherlands? (hint: King James I)** When King James I took the throne, the Puritans began petitioning him to purify the Anglican church, but he turned down the requests and gave them an ultimatum: conform or be driven from England. A group of Puritans left for America, but the Pilgrims wanted to migrate somewhere where they could practice their religion freely AND maintain their English identity - the Netherlands.

**Why did the Pilgrims leave the Netherlands and sail to the New World? (hint: Dutch)** After a few years in the Netherlands, the Pilgrim children were speaking Dutch and had become attached to the Dutch way of life. This worried the Pilgrims, who considered the Dutch frivolous and their ideas a threat to their children's education and morality.

**Who were some of the New World explorers before the Pilgrims? (hint: Columbus+)** ** Columbus, John and Sebastien Cabot, Jacques Cartier **

**How many passengers set sail on the Mayflower?**  102

 **How long were they at sea?**  66 days

 **Why did they craft a "Compact"?** The compact was a written agreement composed by a consensus of the new Settlers arriving at New Plymouth in November of 1620. It was drawn up with fair and equal laws, for the general good of the settlement. They knew that the New World’s earlier settlers failed due to a lack of government. They created the content and eventually composed the Compact for the sake of their own survival.

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #222220; font-family: Arial,Verdana,Helvetica; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">Where did the Pilgrims first land? (hint: not Plymouth) ** <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Inside the hook tip of Cape Cod.

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">**What did the Pilgrims steal when they were exploring the woodlands? (hint: Indian 'stuff')** <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">They stole the corn (for planting in the spring) and also looted graves.

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">**What is scurvy? How do you 'get it'?** <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Scurvy is vitamin C deficiency. It was common among sailors and people at sea for longer than fresh fruits and vegetables could be kept on board. Without the fruits and vegetables, it was hard to get enough vitamin C.

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">**Why did the Pilgrims bury their dead at night?** <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">They buried their dead at night because they were scared of the Native Americans and didn't want them to see how many were dying.

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">**Indian Trivia: Who were the Wampanoag? Who was Squanto? Why did he speak English? Who was Massasoit?** <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The Wampanoag were the original inhabitants of Plymouth. They lived by hunting, fishing, gathering, and farming. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Squanto was a Wampanoag who knew English well who Samoset brought to help the Pilgrims. He taught them survival skills, how to cultivate and fertilize vegetables, how to recognize poisonous and medical plants, how to dig for clams, get sap from maple trees, and do many other things. He spoke English because he was kidnapped by Englishman Thomas Hunt and was kept in London for a few years. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Massasoit was the leader of the Pokanoket and the "great leader" of the Wampanoag Confederacy. He negotiated a treaty guaranteeing the English their security in exchange for their alliance against the Narragansett.

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">**Pilgrim Trivia: Who was John Robinson? Oceanus? William Brewster? John Carver? Edward Winslow? Myles Standish? Peregrine? William Bradford? (extra bonus trivia involving Mr. Freebern's DNA)** <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">John Robinson was the pastor of the "Pilgrim Fathers" before they left on the Mayflower. He became one of the early leaders of the English Separatists, minister of the Pilgrims, and is regarded as one of the founders of the Congregational Church. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Oceanus was the baby boy born on the Mayflower on it's path to the New World, named for the Titan god of the great earth-encircling river Okeanos, the font of all the earth's fresh water. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> William Brewster was a Pilgrim colonist leader and preacher from England and reached the Plymouth Colony on the Mayflower in 1620. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> John Carver was a Pilgrim leader and the first governor of Plymouth Colony. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Edward Winslow was an English Pilgrim leader on the Mayflower and served as governor of Plymouth Colony in 1633, 1636, and 1644. His testimony is one of only two primary sources of the "first thanksgiving". <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Myles Standish was an English military officer hired by the Pilgrims as military advisor for Plymouth Colony. One of the Mayflower passengers, Standish played a leading role in the administration and defense of Plymouth Colony from its beginning. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Peregrine was the first English child born to the Pilgrims in the New World. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> William Bradford was an English leader of the settlers of the Plymouth Colony and named governor...and related to Mr!

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">**Describe the 'first' Thanksgiving (who was there, how long did it last, what did they eat, what did they do?).** <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The English were planning a big feast day to celebrate the harvest, and then the Indians showed up and joined the party. They spent around five days subtly showing off their weapons and just having a great time.

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">**Which American President proclaimed Thanksgiving a national holiday?** <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Abraham Lincoln.