Unit+8

**Vocabulary** Secondary Dominant Chords: refers to a dominant-like function of a chromatically altered chord built on a scale degree other than the 5th of the prevailing key, with V7/V, the dominant of the dominant Tonicization: make a non-tonic note sound like the tonic Modulation: when music remains in a new tonal area so long that the ear no longer hears the original tonic as "tonic" anymore Common chord modulation: a chord that functions in both keys and is the chord immediately before the point of modulation Abrupt modulation: modulation in which one phrase ends with a cadence in the original key, and begins the next phrase in the destination key without any transition material linking the two keys Chromatic modulation: modulate up or down a half step Neapolitan Chords: a major triad built on the lowered second degree Augmented Sixth Chords: augmented sixth interval between bass and chromatically raised note (root note) Italian +6: derived from **iv**6 with an altered fourth scale degree, ♯ 4: ♭ 6—1—♯ 4 French +6: similar to the Italian, but with an additional tone, 2: ♭ 6—1—2—♯ 4 German +6: also like the Italian, but with an added tone ♭ 3: ♭ 6—1—♭ 3—♯ 4